1422
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: | |
August 31: King Henry V of England dies.
October 21: King Charles VI of France dies.
| 1422 by topic |
|---|
| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1422 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1422 MCDXXII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2175 |
| Armenian calendar | 871 ԹՎ ՊՀԱ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6172 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1343–1344 |
| Bengali calendar | 828–829 |
| Berber calendar | 2372 |
| English Regnal year | 9 Hen. 5 – 1 Hen. 6 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1966 |
| Burmese calendar | 784 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6930–6931 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛丑年 (Metal Ox) 4119 or 3912 — to — 壬寅年 (Water Tiger) 4120 or 3913 |
| Coptic calendar | 1138–1139 |
| Discordian calendar | 2588 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1414–1415 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5182–5183 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1478–1479 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1343–1344 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4522–4523 |
| Holocene calendar | 11422 |
| Igbo calendar | 422–423 |
| Iranian calendar | 800–801 |
| Islamic calendar | 824–826 |
| Japanese calendar | Ōei 29 (応永２９年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1336–1337 |
| Julian calendar | 1422 MCDXXII |
| Korean calendar | 3755 |
| Minguo calendar | 490 before ROC 民前490年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −46 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1964–1965 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴金牛年 (female Iron-Ox) 1548 or 1167 or 395 — to — 阳水虎年 (male Water-Tiger) 1549 or 1168 or 396 |
Year 1422 (MCDXXII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit]January–March
[edit]- January 10 – Hussite Wars – Battle of Německý Brod: The Hussites defeat an army of Royalist Crusaders.[1]
- January 15 – Charlotte of Bourbon, Queen of Cyprus, consort and wife of King Janus since 1411, dies after contracting pneumonic plague as an epidemic spreads across the island kingdom.[2]
- January 18 – Friso-Hollandic Wars: The Hollandic fortress of Lemmer is captured by the Frisian Skieringer rebels. Lemmer's commander, Floris of Alkemade, is taken prisoner and executed.[3] The result prompts both sides to enter into a settlement.
- February 1– The Peace of Groningen is signed in the Dutch city of the same name with 94 chieftains of rebels and Allies agreeing to preserve the the Frisian right to self-government as well as barring foreign lords from Frisian land and bringing and end to the Great Frisian War after nine years.[3]
- March 9– In Prague, the Hussite priest Jan Želivský is arrested when he appears at the city hall. Already known for overseeing the killing of Catholic civilians and the pillaging of Catholic towns outside of Prague, is blamed for the Czech Bohemian loss at the August 5 Battle of Brüx. He is sentenced to death and beheaded on the same day.[4]
- March 11– On Okinawa Island, now part of Japan, King Shō Hashi of Chūzan begins a war against the two other kingdoms on the island, Hokuzan and Nanzan and begins the unification of Okinawa.[5]
- March 21– Hundred Years' War – The Siege of Meaux ends in France after more than five months as the starving citizens of the walled city of Meaux open the city gates and surrender to the English forces led by King Henry V. The city had been under siege since October 6. The city's defending troops flee across a bridge to their last line of defense ,the fortress known as Le Marché.[6]
April–June
[edit]- April 1– Al-Ashraf Sayf ad-Dīn Barsbāy leads a coup d'etat against the Egyptian Sultan Al-Nasir al-Din Muhammad and begins a 16-year reign as the new Sultan.[7]
- May 10– The last French defenders of the siege of Meaux surrender their fortress at Le Marche when the starving members of the garrison threaten to rebel.[6]
- June 10–September – The Ottoman sultan Murad II besieges Constantinople; the siege is broken off as a result of the rebellion of Küçük Mustafa.[8]
July–September
[edit]- July 11 – In Italy, a group of about 100 Romani people, described as "Gypsies" arrive in Bologna with a stated intention of traveling to Rome to meet the Pope. Their leader, calling himself "Duke Andrea", shows to local officials a decree allegedly signed by the King of Hungary that is said to grant them the right to commit robberies "without penalty or penance" wherever they travel, as a reward for 4,000 gypsies being re-baptized into the Christian faith.[9][10]
- August 22 – Use of the Spanish era dating system (which begins counting from 38 BC rather than from 1 AD, and thus refers to the year 1422 as "1460") ends as the Kingdom of Portugal, last on the Iberian peninsula to continue the style of dating, goes to Anno Domini dates.[11]
- September 1 – Henry VI becomes King of England, at the age of nine months, upon the death of his father, King Henry V.[12]
- September 27 – The Teutonic Knights sign the Treaty of Melno with the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after the brief Gollub War.[13] The Prussian–Lithuanian border established by the treaty remains unchanged, until World War I.[14]
- September 29 – The Duke of Bedford Regent for King Henry VI of England, summons the members of Parliament to assemble at Westminster on November 9.
October–December
[edit]- October 21 – King Charles VI of France passes away at the age of 53 after years of mental illness, and rival groups fight over who his successor will be. In Paris, Henry VI of England, the 10-month old son of the late French regent, England's King Henry V, and grandson of King Charles VI, is proclaimed King Henri II of France. In Bourges, the Dauphin Charles, eldest son of King Charles VI, is proclaimed as King Charles VII.[15]
- November 7 – After being returned to England from France, and then being taken on a two-day journey from Southwark to Temple Bar and thence to London, the body of the late King Henry V is buried at Westminster Abbey.[16]
- November 9 – At the opening of the English Parliament, the House of Commons elects Roger Flower as its speaker.
- December 9 – The Regency Council of the infant King Henry VI of England assembles for the first time with 18 nobles, led by John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, the uncle of the King and the brother of the late King Henry V. Because the Duke of Bedford serves primarily in France to command English forces there in the ongoing war, another uncle, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, leads the regency most of the time during the King's minority.[17]
- December 18 –
- King Charles VII of France marries Marie of Anjou in a ceremony at Bourges.[18]
- As the English Parliament closes, the regents for King Henry VI give royal assent to new legislation that has been passed during the 39-day session, including the Irishmen Act setting requirements for "What sort of Irishmen only may come to dwell in England"; the Purveyance Act 1422 ("All the statutes of purveyors shall be proclaimed in every county four times in the year") relating to the royal household's purchase of provisions at a regulated price and the requistioning of horses and vehicles for royal use; and for "A certain allowance made to those which were retained to serve King Henry V. in his wars")
Undated
[edit]- Ottoman forces overrun the last domains of Constantine II of Bulgaria, who dies in exile at the Serbian court, ending the Bulgarian Empire.[19]
- On the Italian Peninsula, Venice has a population of 84,000, of which 200 men rule the city, while Florence has a population of 40,000, of which 600 men rule the city.
Births
[edit]- March 8 – Jacopo Piccolomini-Ammannati, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1479)
- June 7 – Federico da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino (d. 1482)
- October 5 – Catherine, Princess of Asturias, Spanish royal (d. 1424)
- November 27 – Gaston IV, Count of Foix, French nobleman from Bearn (d. 1472)
- November 29 – Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont, English baron (d. 1460)
- date unknown – Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza, Timurid ruler in Khurasan (d. 1457)
- probable – William Caxton, English printer (d. c. 1491)
- approximate – Agnès Sorel, French courtier, mistress of Charles VII of France (d. 1450)
Deaths
[edit]- March 9 – Jan Želivský, Hussite priest (executed) (b. 1380)
- July 8 – Michelle of Valois, French princess and duchess consort of Burgundy (b. 1395)
- August 31 – King Henry V of England (b. 1386)
- September 17 – Emperor Constantine II of Bulgaria (b. after 1370)
- October 21 – King Charles VI of France (b. 1368)[20]
- probable – Thomas Walsingham, English chronicler
References
[edit]- ^ "January 1422: The Hussites led by Jan Žižka defeat the Second Crusade at Německý Brod". Czech Radio. 9 January 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2025.
- ^ Andrée Giselle Simard, The Manuscript Torino J.II.9: A Late Medieval Perspective on Musical Life and Culture at the Court of the Lusignan Kings at Nicosia, pp.35-36, December 2005, retrieved on 15 June 2009
- ^ a b Antheun Janse, Grenzen aan de Macht – De Friese oorlog van de graven van Holland omstreeks 1400, Den Haag (The Hague), 1993, ISBN 90-72627-11-3
- ^ Lutlow, The Count (1912). Hussite Wars. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co. p. 10.
- ^ Haneji Chōshū, comp. Chūzan Seikan (1650), 31.
- ^ a b Jones, Dan (2024). Henry V: The Astonishing Rise of England's Greatest Warrior King. London: Head of Zeus. pp. 378–383. ISBN 978-1-80-454193-7.
- ^ Ibn Taghribirdi (1929). Al-Nujūm al-Zāhirah fī Mulūk Miṣr wa-al-Qāhirah (in Arabic). Vol. 14. Egyptian Dar al-Kutub Press in Cairo. pp. 232–233.
- ^ Stephen Turnbull, The Walls of Constantinople, AD 324–1453. Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-759-X.
- ^ "Judicial Autonomy among Fifteenth and Sixteenth Century Gypsies", by Angus Fraser, in Gypsy Law: Romani Legal Traditions and Culture, ed. by Walter O. Weyrauch (University of California Press, 2001) p.140
- ^ George Smith, Gipsy Life: Being an Account of Our Gipsies and Their Children, with Suggestions for Their Improvement (Good Press, 2019)
- ^ Merzbach, Uta C. (1983). "Calendars and Reckoning of Time". In Strayer, Joseph R. (ed.). Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Vol. 3. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 18.
- ^ Szarmach, Paul E.; Tavormina, M. Teresa; Rosenthal, Joel T. (2017). Routledge Revivals: Medieval England (1998): An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. p. 348. ISBN 9781351666374.
- ^ Turnbull, Stephen (2003). Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights. Oxford: Osprey. pp. 83–84. ISBN 1-84176-561-9.
- ^ Rašimaitė, Eglė (2010-03-24). "Siena: šimtmečių vingiai". Kelias (in Lithuanian): 60–64. ISSN 1648-7818.
- ^ William W. Kibler; Grover A. Zinn (1995). Medieval France: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press. p. 379. ISBN 978-0-8240-4444-2.
- ^ Weir, Alison (2008). Britain's Royal Family. Vintage. p. 130. ISBN 9780099539735.
- ^ Griffiths, R.A. (1981). The Reign of King Henry VI. London: Ernest Benn. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-510-26261-7.
- ^ Ashdown-Hill, John (2016). The Private Life of Edward IV. Amberley Publishing. p. xxiv.
- ^ The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, John Van Antwerp Fine, University of Michigan Press, 1994, ISBN 0472082604, pp. 423-425.
- ^ "Charles VI | king of France". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 6, 2019.